Yebo, ukukhanya okumnyama kuwuhlobo lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Izibani ezimnyama zisebenzisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet emide ebangeni le-UV-A. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamalambu amnyama namanye amalambu e-UV ukubude begagasi, ukuphepha, nalokho ongakubona. Nasi isiqhathaniso esisheshayo:
Isici |
Ukukhanya Okumnyama (UV-A) |
Ezinye izibani ze-UV |
Ubude begagasi |
365-400 nm |
100-400 nm |
Izinhlelo zokusebenza |
Ukutholwa kwe-fluorescence, ukuzijabulisa |
Ukubulala amagciwane, ukushuka |
Ukubonakala |
Ukukhanya okukhanyayo oku-violet noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka |
Ikakhulukazi engabonakali |
Impilo Nokuphepha |
Kuphephile ukusetshenziswa nje |
Kudingeka izinyathelo zokuphepha |
Ukwazi lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe ukukhanya okulungile kwemiphumela yasesiteji, ukuphepha, noma okunye ukusetshenziswa.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Isibani esimnyama siwuhlobo lwesibani se-UV. Ikakhulukazi ikhipha imisebe ye-UVA. Lolu hlobo luphephile ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kunezinye izinhlobo ze-UV.
Izibani ezimnyama zenza izinto zikhanye ngezinto ezithokozisayo ze-fluorescent. Lokhu kubenza balungele amaphathi, amakhonsathi, nemibukiso yobuciko.
Cabanga ngokuthi kungani udinga ukukhanya ngaphambi kokukhetha. Sebenzisa izibani ezimnyama ukuze uthole imiphumela epholile yokubuka. Sebenzisa ezinye izibani ze-UV ukuhlanza noma izizathu zezokwelapha.
Hlala ubeke ukuphepha kuqala uma usebenzisa amalambu e-UV. Vikela isikhumba namehlo akho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngezibani eziqinile ze-UVB ne-UVC.
Izibani ezimnyama ze-LED zonga amandla futhi zilungele imvelo. Bayikhethelo elihlakaniphile izibani zasesiteji kanye nemicimbi.
Kuyini ukukhanya okumnyama?
Izisekelo zokukhanya okumnyama
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ukukhanya okumnyama kwehluke kanjani. Isibani esimnyama isibani esikhethekile. Ikhipha ukukhanya kwe-uv ongakwazi ukukubona. Uma uyivula, ubona ukukhanya okunsomi okuthambile. Lokhu kukhanya kukhombisa ukuthi isibani senza imisebe ye-ultraviolet ebangeni le-UVA. Amalambu amaningi amnyama anobude obungamaza ukusuka ku-365nm kuya ku-395nm. Lawa maza amaza asiza ukwenza imiphumela epholile. Ezinye izinto ziyasabela futhi zibonise i-fluorescence.
Ubude begagasi |
Izinhlelo zokusebenza |
Umbala Okhanyayo |
365nm |
Ukutholwa kwe-fluorescence, ukuhlolwa komchamo wesilwane |
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka |
395nm |
Ukukhanya kokukhanya okumnyama, imiphumela yesiteji |
Okunsomi |
Indlela amalambu amnyama asebenza ngayo
Amalambu amnyama athumela ukukhanya kwe-uv. Lokhu kukhanya kushaya izinto ngezinhlanganisela ze-fluorescent. Lezi zinto zicwilisa amandla e-Uv. Bese bekhipha ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Yingakho izingubo ezimhlophe nopende we-neon kukhanya. Amanye amaminerali ayakhazimula futhi. Lokhu ubona emicimbini nasemakhonsathini. Amalebhu esayensi nawo ayayisebenzisa. Izibani ezimnyama zisiza ukuthola amabala, ukuhlola imali, nokwenza ubuciko obukhazimulayo.
Ukukhanya okumnyama ekukhanyisweni kwesiteji
Izibani ezimnyama zisetshenziselwa imiphumela ejabulisayo emibukisweni. Etiyetha, basiza ukusetha isimo. Benza ukunyakaza kugqame. Bangenza izinto zibukeke ziyimilingo. Izimpahla zokugqoka nemidlalo yasesiteji ziyakhazimula emakhonsathini. Imihlobiso yephathi ibonakala ikhanya kakhudlwana. Ama-nightclub awasebenzisela injabulo. Nazi ezinye izindlela abantu abasebenzisa ngazo amalambu amnyama:
Idizayini yokukhanyisa esiteji: Wenza ukukhanya okupholile kanye nemiphumela yethunzi.
Amakhonsathi nemibukiso: Izimpahla zokugqoka nemidlalo yasesiteji ziyakhazimula esiteji.
Amaphathi etimu: Imihlobiso ikhanya ngemibala egqamile.
Ukukhanya komsebenzi wobuciko: Imibala efihliwe ibonakala kubuciko.
Umklamo wangaphakathi: Amakhaya athola ukubukeka kobuciko.
I-GuangDong Future Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. ithengisa izibani ezimnyama namalambu. Lezi zenzelwe ukukhanyiswa kwesiteji. Imikhiqizo yabo ikusiza ukuthi wenze imiphumela emangalisayo emakhonsathini nasemaphathini.
Kuyini ukukhanya kwe-UV?
I-ultraviolet spectrum
Ukukhanya kwe-UV kuyingxenye ye-electromagnetic spectrum. Itholakala phakathi kokukhanya okubonakalayo kanye nama-X ray. Ososayensi bahlukanisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kube izinhlobo ezintathu ngobude beza. Lezi zinhlobo zibizwa nge-UVA, UVB, ne-UVC. I-UVA inobude obude kunawo wonke. I-UVC inobude obufushane kakhulu. Zontathu izinhlobo ziyimisebe ye-ultraviolet. Isibani esimnyama sisebenzisa i-UVA. Lolu hlobo luphephe kakhulu emiphumeleni yokuzijabulisa nesiteji.
Uhlobo |
Ububanzi be-Wavelength (nm) |
I-UVA |
315 - 400 |
UVB |
280 - 315 |
I-UVC |
100 - 280 |
Izinhlobo zokukhanya kwe-UV
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Uhlobo ngalunye lunamandla alo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo. Ukukhanya kwe-UVA kutholakala kumalambu amnyama. Ukukhanya kwe-UVB kusiza ngokushukwa kwesikhumba nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kunamandla kakhulu. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlanzeni nasekubulaleni amagciwane.
Uhlobo lokukhanya kwe-UV |
Ubude begagasi |
Amandla Ahlobene |
UV-A |
320 - 400 nm |
amandla aphansi |
UV-B |
280 - 320 nm |
amandla aphezulu kune-UV-A, kodwa angaphansi kwe-UV-C |
UV-C |
200 - 280 nm |
amandla aphezulu |
Izicelo zokukhanya kwe-UV
Isibani se-UV sisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi nasemisebenzini. Nazi ezinye izindlela abantu abayisebenzisa ngayo:
Ukukhanyisa: Izimboni zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo.
Izimpawu ezikhanyayo: Izimpawu zokuphuma nezikhangiso zivame ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-uv.
Ukukhanyisa ngemuva: Izindiza nemikhumbi-mkhathi zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-uv ngaphakathi.
Ukwelashwa kwe-UV: Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet komisa oinki kanye nama-coatings ngokushesha.
Ukushuka: Izindawo zokucwala izinwele zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-uvb elangeni lomgunyathi.
I-Phototherapy: Odokotela basebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ezinkingeni zesikhumba.
I-Germicidal: Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezingaphezulu nasemanzini.
Ithiphu yokuphepha: Vikela njalo amehlo akho nesikhumba ekukhanyeni okunamandla kwe-uv. Ukukhanya kwe-uv okuningi kakhulu kungalimaza isikhumba namehlo akho. Kungabangela ukushiswa yilanga futhi kwenza isikhumba siguge ngokushesha. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kuyingozi kakhulu. Yisebenzise kuphela ngegiya lokuphepha.
Ubona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ezindaweni eziningi, njengamaphathi nezibhedlela. Ukukhanya okumnyama kuyindlela ephephile yokujabulela imiphumela ekhazimulayo kumakhonsathi nemicimbi.
Isibani esimnyama vs. Isibani se-UV
Umehluko phakathi kokukhanya kwe-UV nokukhanya okumnyama
Ungase ubuze ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-uv nokukhanya okumnyama akufani kanjani. Zombili ziyingxenye ye-ultraviolet spectrum, kodwa zinokusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Ukukhanya okumnyama kuwuhlobo lokukhanya kwe-uv. Ikhipha imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamagagasi amade, ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-UVA. Amanye amalambu e-Uv angakhipha amaza amafushane, njenge-uvb ne-uvc. Lawa magagasi amafushane anamandla amaningi futhi enza izinto ezihlukene.
Izibani ezimnyama ngokuvamile zenza i-UVA, eyenza izinto zikhanye.
Amanye amalambu e-Uv, njenge-UVB ne-UVC, angahlanza izindawo noma asize kwezokwelapha.
Umehluko omkhulu ubude beza kanye nokuthi uwasebenzisela ini.
Nali ithebula elibonisa ukuthi i-spectra ekhishwayo ihluke kanjani:
Uhlobo Lokukhanya kwe-UV |
Ububanzi be-Wavelength (nm) |
Incazelo |
Ukukhanya Okumnyama (UVA) |
~ 365 |
Inika ukukhanya kwe-UV yamagagasi amade, ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-UVA. |
Ezinye izibani ze-UV |
Iyahlukahluka (UVC, UVB, UVA) |
Ingakhipha uhla olubanzi lwamagagasi, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya kwe-UV okufushane namaphakathi. |
Abantu bakhuluma ngokukhanya okumnyama ngokumelene ne-uv light kakhulu ekukhanyisweni kwasesiteji. Izibani ezimnyama zisetshenziselwa imiphumela ekhanyayo. Amanye amalambu e-Uv angcono ukuhlanza noma isayensi.
Ama-wavelengths nokubonakala
Amaza amaza asiza ukunquma ukuthi ubonani ekukhanyeni. Amalambu amnyama anika ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusuka cishe ku-320 kuya ku-400 nm. Lokhu kukhanya akubonwa ngamehlo akho, kodwa ubona ukukhanya okuthambile okunsomi ku-bulb. Iningi lokukhanya lifihliwe, ngakho-ke izinto ezinenhlanganisela ye-fluorescent zikhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okumnyama.
Amanye amalambu e-Uv amboza ibanga elikhulu, ukusuka ku-100 kuye ku-400 nm. Amanye ala maza, njenge-UVC ne-UVB, awabonakali nhlobo. I-UVA kuphela, esetshenziswa izibani ezimnyama, eyenza izinto zikhanye ongazibona.
Uhlobo Lokukhanya |
Ububanzi be-Wavelength (nm) |
Ukubonakala |
Ukukhanya Okumnyama |
320 - 400 |
Ayibonwa ngeso lomuntu |
Izibani ze-UV |
100 - 400 |
Ubone kokubili namagagasi angabonakali |
Ukukhanya okumnyama vs. ukukhanya kwe-uv kubalulekile emiphumeleni ekhethekile. Ukhetha ukukhanya okumnyama kumaphathi, amakhonsathi, nobuciko ngoba kwenza imibala igqame. Amanye amalambu e-Uv awenzi izinto zikhanye ngendlela efanayo.
Ukuphepha nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo
Ukuphepha kubalulekile uma usebenzisa noma yikuphi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Izibani ezimnyama ziphephe kakhudlwana kubantu abaningi ngoba zisebenzisa i-UVA, enamandla amancane. Ungasebenzisa izibani ezimnyama emicimbini ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokulimaza isikhumba noma amehlo akho. Ezinye izibani ze-uv, njenge-uvb ne-uvc, zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. I-UVC ingahlanza izindawo, kodwa futhi ingalimaza isikhumba namehlo akho.
Ithiphu yokuphepha: Hlala ulandela imithetho yokuphepha lapho usebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Gqoka izinto zokuphepha uma usebenzisa i-uvb noma i-uvc.
Nazi ezinye izindlela abantu abasebenzisa ngazo ukukhanya okumnyama ngokumelene ne-uv light:
Izibani ezimnyama zisiza ukwenza imiphumela ekhazimulayo kumakhonsathi, amaphathi, namafestivali.
Usebenzisa izibani ezimnyama ukuze uthole amabala, uhlole imali, futhi ubonise ubuciko.
Amanye amalambu e-Uv angcono kakhulu ukuhlanza, ukwelapha amanzi, nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Izibani ezimnyama azihlanzi izinto, ngakho ungazisebenziseli lokho. Uthola imiphumela ehamba phambili uma ukhetha ukukhanya okulungile kwe-ultraviolet ngezidingo zakho.
Ungase uthande ukucabanga ngezindleko nokuthi zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Izibani ezimnyama, ikakhulukazi ama-LED, zisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi zihlala isikhathi eside kunezibani ze-uv ezindala. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kokukhanyisa esiteji. Nali ishadi elibonisa amanani amalambu e-UV ahlukene okukhanyisa esiteji:
Izibani ezimnyama ze-LED zonga amandla amaningi futhi zingcono emhlabeni. Zisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi azilimazi imvelo njengamalambu amadala e-uv.
Qaphela: Hlala ucabanga ngokuphepha nendawo lapho ukhetha izibani zomcimbi noma indawo yakho.
Kungani izinto zikhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okumnyama?
I-ultraviolet fluorescence
Emakhonsathini nasemaphathini, ubona izinto ezikhazimulayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-fluorescence. Lapho ukukhanya okumnyama kukhanya kwezinye izinto, imisebe ye-ultraviolet iyawashaya. Imisebe yenza ama-electron ngaphakathi kwezinto ajabule. Lawa ma-electron akhipha amandla njengokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ubona ukukhanya kuphela lapho ukukhanya okumnyama kukhanya. Ukusabela kwe-fluorescent kuqala futhi kuma ngokushesha. Uma ucisha ukukhanya, ukukhanya kuyama. I-Phosphorescence ayifani. Ezinye izinto zigcina amandla futhi zikhanya ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kucishiwe. Lokhu kukhanya kungathatha imizuzwana embalwa noma amahora.
Ithiphu: I-Fluorescence inikeza imiphumela esheshayo, ekhanyayo yemibukiso. I-Phosphorescence yenza ama-props akhanye isikhathi eside ngemva kokuphela kombukiso.
Izinto ezikhazimulayo zansuku zonke
Izinto eziningi ekhaya noma ngaphandle zikhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okumnyama. Lezi zinto zinezinhlanganisela ezikhethekile ezisabela ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet. Ukukhanyisa esiteji, abantu basebenzisa amapulasitiki, opende be-neon, nezimonyo. Lokhu kusiza ukwenza imiphumela epholile. Ubona nezinto ezikhazimulayo emvelweni nasekhaya.
Nazi izinto ezivamile ezikhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okumnyama:
Amaplastiki e-acrylic anombala we-Neon
Iphepha elimhlophe licwebezela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka kumakhompiyutha akhethekile
Izimonyo ezenziwe ukuze zikhanye ngaphansi kwesibani se-UV
Okunye ukudla neziphuzo, njengobhanana namanzi amnandi
Ithebula elingezansi libala izibonelo ezengeziwe nokuthi kungani zikhanya:
Into |
Isizathu Sokukhanya |
Iwashela |
Inezikhanyisi ezithatha ukukhanya kwe-UV futhi zikhiphe ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kwenza izingubo zibukeke kangcono. |
Ama-Highlighters |
Iba nodayi abakhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV, ikakhulukazi ophuzi nopinki. |
Umuthi Wamazinyo Owenza ube mhlophe |
Inezinto ezifana ne-titanium dioxide ekhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV futhi isiza ukwenza amazinyo abe mhlophe. |
Vitamin B-12 Amaphilisi |
Ikhanya ngokuphuzi ngenxa yama-molecule ayo ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV. |
Imali Yephepha |
Inochungechunge lwezokuphepha olukhanya ngaphansi kwesibani esimnyama ukumisa izikweletu zomgunyathi. |
I-Jellyfish |
Enye i-jellyfish iyakhazimula ngenxa yamaprotheni. Ososayensi bayazifunda lezi. |
Ofezela |
Ofezela abaningi bakhanya ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yenhlanganisela yamagobolondo abo. |
Amakhasi Kabhanana |
Ikhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengoba ivuthwa ngoba i-chlorophyll iyaphuka. Lokhu kuheha izimbungulu. |
I-Petroleum Jelly (Vaseline) |
Ikhanya ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mhlophe ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-UV ngenxa yama-hydrocarbon ayo. |
Ungasebenzisa ukukhanya okumnyama ukwenza imvunulo, ama-props, nemihlobiso igqame. Abaklami besiteji bakhetha izinto ezisabela kahle ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet. I-Fluorescence isiza ukwenza umcimbi wakho ujabulise futhi kube lula ukukhumbula.
Uyazi manje ukuthi ukukhanya okumnyama kuyi-a uhlobo lokukhanya kwe-UV , kodwa lisebenzisa ububanzi be-UVA obuphephile. Uma ukhetha ukukhanya kwemicimbi noma ikhaya lakho, cabanga ngomphumela oyifunayo kanye nezinga lokuphepha elidingekayo. Lapho ukhanyisa esiteji, hlala ukhumbula ukuphepha:
Abadlali abaqondisayo abanezibani ezibonayo ezindaweni ezimnyama.
Phinda ufunde konke ukunyakaza ekukhanyeni komsebenzi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukukhanya okumnyama.
Nikeza izingubo zamehlo ezivikelayo kwababonayo futhi uxwayise wonke umuntu ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.
Ngokukhetha okufanele, udala imiphumela emangalisayo futhi ugcine wonke umuntu ephephile.
FAQ
Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokukhanya okumnyama nezinye izibani ze-UV?
Usebenzisa ukukhanya okumnyama ngemiphumela ekhazimulayo. Amanye amalambu e-UV asebenza kangcono ekubulaleni amagciwane noma ekubulaleni inzalo yezokwelapha. Isibani esimnyama sisebenzisa i-UVA, ephephe kakhudlwana. I-UVB ne-UVC inamandla aphezulu futhi iyasiza ngokubulala amagciwane.
Ungakwazi yini ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okumnyama ukuze kubulawe amagciwane?
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okumnyama ukuze kubulawe amagciwane. Ukukhanya okumnyama akunawo amandla anele okubulala amagciwane. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokubulala amagciwane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa igiya elifanele lokuphepha lapho usebenza ne-UVC.
Kungani ezinye izinto zikhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okumnyama?
Ubona izinto zikhanya ngoba ziqukethe ama-fluorescent compounds. Ukukhanya okumnyama kukusiza ukuthi uthole izinto ezikhanyayo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zimunca ukukhanya kwe-UV futhi zikhiphe ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Uyawuqaphela lo mphumela ekukhanyisweni kwesiteji nobuciko.
Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-UV kuphephile ukusetshenziswa ekhaya?
Ungasebenzisa ukukhanya okumnyama ngokuphepha ekhaya kumaphathi noma imihlobiso. Izibani ze-UVB ne-UVC zidinga ukuqapha. I-UVC isetshenziselwa ukuvala inzalo kwezokwelapha nokubulala amagciwane. Hlala uvikela isikhumba namehlo akho ekukhanyeni okunamandla kwe-UV.
Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhanya kwe-UV?
Uthola ukukhanya kwe-UV ezindaweni eziningi. Kuyasiza ngokubulala amagciwane, ukuvala inzalo ngokwezokwelapha, kanye nokushukwa kwesikhumba. Uyisebenzisela futhi ukubona izinto ezikhanyayo nokuzijabulisa. Ukukhanya okumnyama kudumile kumakhonsathi nasemaphathini.
